prof., Ph.D. Nekrasov, SN
Marxism of Marx has two forms. First, early - even unscientific and anthropological concept of "Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, 1844" - modeled on "nuts" (scheme "Hegel Feuerbach) and replete with alien mature Marxist terminology in the field of psychological analysis of social relations, such as" alienation " "Personality", "man." After the "epistemological break in 1848" (the term L. Altyusera) Marxism began to use the concepts of: "exploitation", "individuals as calipers social relations", "class individuals."
The theory of "commodity fetishism" in the first volume of Capital was the remnant of the old unscientific anthropological roll, equivocation and flirting with gegelyanschinoy. The second form of Marxism - a mature and scientific - are preliminary manuscript for the "Capital" and subsequent writings of Marx and Engels. Take the point of view, the recognition of Marxism, Marx's early works - is to become a follower of Roger Garaudy, rejected revisionism for the PCF in 1966, and an end his days in the guise of a modernized Muslim. Restructuring the Soviet Union began to roll into a discussion about universal human values, new thinking and human rights used by western intelligence agencies, and manipulated their dissident groups.
The idea that the class struggle of workers will lead to the overthrow of the bourgeoisie and take power in the hands of the proletariat, shocking the world so far, and the formation of the proletariat into a class and the conquest of political power could be the meaning of life progressive intellectuals. Western - historicist (Gramsci) and structuralist (group Altyusera AL) - the version of Marxism in the twentieth century. insisted that the dictatorship through the hegemony of a class through the ideological apparatuses of the state. Stalinism undermined the very belief in the Marxist project.
Recall that the replacement of the dictatorship of the proletariat dictatorship of nomenclature, the exposure of the personality cult and its consequences XX Congress of the CPSU put leftist intellectuals of the West, particularly Italy and France in a difficult position: it was hard to resist the then-humanist existentialist "profits" and other forms of assault on bourgeois ideology of Marxism.
In the 60 years. Believes Altyuser in Marxist philosophy has matured a "theoretical scandal." Marxist theory threatened primarily by the "bourgeois and petty-bourgeois world view." He stresses: "The overall form of the concepts of peace: economism (today" technocratism ") and its" spiritual supplement "- the moral idealism (today" humanism ") ... Economism and humanism are fundamental pair of bourgeois conception of the world since the emergence of the bourgeoisie." And further: "The modern philosophical form of the concept of peace: neo and his" spiritual supplement "- a phenomenological subjectivism, existentialism."
Sam Altyuser makes demands of running away from Stalinism through the development of science, to which Marx gave us the keys, and a new philosophy of meeting the requirements of the struggle of the revolutionary classes. In the opinion of Altyusera Marx founded the new science: the science of history. " Altyuser drawn to the image of the continents, which opens up the knowledge. Before Marx, were discovered two continents: the mathematics (the Greeks) and physics (Galileo), Marx discovered the third - the story. Humanism, emerging at the forefront of critics of Stalinism, declared part of bourgeois ideology, and understanding the philosophy of humanism and anti-humanism is "the class struggle in theory".
For Altyusera who grew up in the fight against classless humanism Roger Garaudy, "a philosophical battle № I» played on the border between scientism and ideologichnostyu: idealist philosophers who exploit science, fighting against the materialist philosophers, employees sciences. Marx, however, open a new science of history changes the whole situation in the theoretical field: it allows you to end the traditional dominance of idealism. Hence, great attention to the dictionary "philosophical practice", which stands for "line of demarcation" between false and true ideas, and ultimately between antagonistic classes. The philosophy of helping people to distinguish between the theory and ideas of true and false. Weapon in political struggle are words. Altyuser emphasizes that the struggle between classes can sometimes be summarized in the fight for or against the word of the term. That is the word "humanism". Although the Communists are fighting for a free, fair society, we can not say that Marxism - is humanism, because in practice the term "humanism" is used to oppose bourgeois ideology "of vital importance to the concept of the proletariat: the class struggle."
Another example Altyusera: Marxists should abandon the phrase "man makes history." Why? Because it uses a bourgeois ideology, as opposed to the classic proletarian expression: "the masses make history." Philosophy, therefore, is fighting for the concept, for the words to their true meaning and its nuances, and this struggle is part of a political struggle.
Thus, Marxism is a fight and in the field of scientific concepts ("concept", "theory", "alienation", "discourse"), and in the ordinary, expressing their terms ("people", "weight", "the people", " class struggle "). It should be noted that the rigid class approach to the understanding of Marxism as a theoretical anti-humanism "came to the PCF to replace the prevailing there in the first half of 60 years. strategy of "open embrace of" Marxist humanism.
Put forward by a former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Roger Garaudy, she criticized the alienation and dehumanization in degollevskoy France, sought to implement a dialogue and unity with the humanists, existentialists, socialists and Christians. Garaudy ideas into practice coincided with the famous thesis of J.-P. Sartre: "Existentialism - a humanism." Thereby integrated the idea of Garaudy young Marx to the then orthodoxy of the PCF.
At the same time, together with M. Godel, and L. Sebag - young anthropologists - Altyuser prepared a structuralist interpretation of Marx's works. It is about the allocation of Marx's work period (before 1845), containing the gap (dollar bill) by bourgeois ideology, and the ripening period (1845-1857 gg.).
Such a periodization involves identifying blind spots of Marxism "- remnants of an inverted Hegelianism. Those are the model of base and superstructure, and other phantoms, coming from the shadow of Hegel. " Therefore, open Marx in Das Kapital, historical materialism was not conceptualized as a new science is not brought into the state teoretichnosti and infected ideological terms, the Hegelian method of presentation, with whom Marx had a weakness to flirt. Obtained chased formula: Marxism as science and scientific philosophy is the "theoretical anti-humanism."
However, in terms of de-Stalinization, when issues of morality and politics come to the fore, begins to dominate the ideology of the young Marx. She may temporarily replace the theory, rejecting the dogma of Stalinism. However, the XX Congress of the CPSU in the report of NS Khrushchev psevdomarksistski explain the violation of socialist legality, and having carried the cult of personality to the superstructure, has introduced the "heart of bourgeois ideology" (humanism) in the labor movement and the renewal of socialism, which makes creative Marxists to resort to the tried and tested weapon of Marxism - Philosophy.
Stalin's crimes - is not a deflection and deformation of socialism, but the product of an ongoing class struggle. Necessary to transform the practice of the masses in a philosophical theses. The central problem here - criticism of humanism, the elimination of the Kantian heritage by eliminating the concept of the subject. That's why after the removal of the revisionist model of humanism Marxist theory must be followed by its ejection from the practice.
Appears in the USSR as a result of the transfer of the German Social Democrats manuscripts Marx's early (for us they were published in 1956) coincided with the revelation of Stalin's personality cult at the Twentieth Party Congress. As we know, the wife of Karl Kautsky ran away to the beautiful lover Engels. In response, the German Social-Democracy long hidden in the archives of the early works of Marx and Engels.
It turned out that neither Lenin nor Stalin were not familiar with the early Marx. After the great victory in the war the communists from East Germany the SED gave to the Institute of Marxism-Leninism Marx's manuscripts. Translation took two years and that "Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, 1844" was published in 1956 The problem of the cult of personality stems directly from the humanistic themes of early Marxism.
Humanistic turn in the social sciences has led to the emergence of Marxist outcomes in their constructions of the thesis about personal identity and social relations. Such a radical sotsiologizatsiya image of the person calling for the study of human needs and proclaimed after the "manuscripts" imminent triumph of the best to meet the growing needs of the Soviet people and the fully developed personality. All Khrushchev, Gorbachev's perestroika was based on the need for democracy to build "socialism with a human face" and therefore was entirely inspired by the work of the early Marx. With respect to the image of socialism of late Marx-Lenin-Stalin, this restructuring was objectively revisionism, and its leaders - renegades.
The dispute about the true Marx against the backdrop of recognizing the value of Marx's theory of his adversaries. So, K. R. Popper shows that science since Marx never will be like a pre-Marxist science. Aron, believing that Marx is mysterious and has become known to the world only after his death, believed that occurs periodically in the expansion is not Marxism, but marksianstva, which examines the teachings of Marx as the "Bible of the working class."
Marx himself does not consider itself as an oracle, since theoretically studied the capitalist society and makes a number of assumptions about adult communist state.
Finally, the criticism of Marx's theory should not be indiscriminate, but set in the context of certain statements. Thus, the thesis that "the proletarians do not have the Fatherland" corresponded to the period of European history, when the workers had no right to vote and voting for the owners in these circumstances, the proletarians, indeed, was not the Motherland.
It was the early Marx was declared authentic in a short time of Khrushchev's thaw and the Gorbachev "katastroyki" (a term AA Zinoviev). As a result, the Soviet Union during the second half of the twentieth century. prevailed early Marx, which is officially in analogy with lukachevskim way "young Hegelian" came to be called "young Marx". That's the idea of the young Marx identified vector adjustment (inspired by the democratic masses smoke cover the bureaucratic apparatus of the revolution) and resulted in the late twentieth century. to a system of Stalinism, but without Stalin.
It is obvious that in HH1. Russia will not mondialist exploitative nor national-patriotic, or state-socialist, but humanistic - and the socialist community, ie Eurasian in the ideology and principles of human relations. A new concept of man is now only comes after many false starts, and the early Marx would dominate Russian XXI century. as a humanistic-communal ideology of Russian socialism and social justice. Only it is unlikely there will be some new socialism, born out of chaos antimondialistskogo: Socialism of the future is absolutely traditional, highly learned and international.
It seems that after a short "tack" the story once again is going to evolve according to Marx, that is moving in the direction of the Communist organization of society by overcoming of private property! Transitional form of Marxism and the new vision of socialism during the struggle for the restoration of national independence is "evramarksizm" (our term - SN, warmly endorsed by the AG Dugin, as before, and the International Congress of the Marxists in April 2002). Evrakommunizm and evramarksizm - Eurasian Marxism, based on the primacy of Eurasian geopolitics. Geopolitics is organically articulated with structural conceptualism late Marx.
Already on the agenda in the collapse of the globalization of terrorism posed "a synthetic communism" as a repetition of a new spiral of the ancient mode of production. In the global domination of the capital raised forces, preparing for the third historic attempt to build socialism.
Marxism of Marx has two forms. First, early - even unscientific and anthropological concept of "Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, 1844" - modeled on "nuts" (scheme "Hegel Feuerbach) and replete with alien mature Marxist terminology in the field of psychological analysis of social relations, such as" alienation " "Personality", "man." After the "epistemological break in 1848" (the term L. Altyusera) Marxism began to use the concepts of: "exploitation", "individuals as calipers social relations", "class individuals."
The theory of "commodity fetishism" in the first volume of Capital was the remnant of the old unscientific anthropological roll, equivocation and flirting with gegelyanschinoy. The second form of Marxism - a mature and scientific - are preliminary manuscript for the "Capital" and subsequent writings of Marx and Engels. Take the point of view, the recognition of Marxism, Marx's early works - is to become a follower of Roger Garaudy, rejected revisionism for the PCF in 1966, and an end his days in the guise of a modernized Muslim. Restructuring the Soviet Union began to roll into a discussion about universal human values, new thinking and human rights used by western intelligence agencies, and manipulated their dissident groups.
The idea that the class struggle of workers will lead to the overthrow of the bourgeoisie and take power in the hands of the proletariat, shocking the world so far, and the formation of the proletariat into a class and the conquest of political power could be the meaning of life progressive intellectuals. Western - historicist (Gramsci) and structuralist (group Altyusera AL) - the version of Marxism in the twentieth century. insisted that the dictatorship through the hegemony of a class through the ideological apparatuses of the state. Stalinism undermined the very belief in the Marxist project.
Recall that the replacement of the dictatorship of the proletariat dictatorship of nomenclature, the exposure of the personality cult and its consequences XX Congress of the CPSU put leftist intellectuals of the West, particularly Italy and France in a difficult position: it was hard to resist the then-humanist existentialist "profits" and other forms of assault on bourgeois ideology of Marxism.
In the 60 years. Believes Altyuser in Marxist philosophy has matured a "theoretical scandal." Marxist theory threatened primarily by the "bourgeois and petty-bourgeois world view." He stresses: "The overall form of the concepts of peace: economism (today" technocratism ") and its" spiritual supplement "- the moral idealism (today" humanism ") ... Economism and humanism are fundamental pair of bourgeois conception of the world since the emergence of the bourgeoisie." And further: "The modern philosophical form of the concept of peace: neo and his" spiritual supplement "- a phenomenological subjectivism, existentialism."
Sam Altyuser makes demands of running away from Stalinism through the development of science, to which Marx gave us the keys, and a new philosophy of meeting the requirements of the struggle of the revolutionary classes. In the opinion of Altyusera Marx founded the new science: the science of history. " Altyuser drawn to the image of the continents, which opens up the knowledge. Before Marx, were discovered two continents: the mathematics (the Greeks) and physics (Galileo), Marx discovered the third - the story. Humanism, emerging at the forefront of critics of Stalinism, declared part of bourgeois ideology, and understanding the philosophy of humanism and anti-humanism is "the class struggle in theory".
For Altyusera who grew up in the fight against classless humanism Roger Garaudy, "a philosophical battle № I» played on the border between scientism and ideologichnostyu: idealist philosophers who exploit science, fighting against the materialist philosophers, employees sciences. Marx, however, open a new science of history changes the whole situation in the theoretical field: it allows you to end the traditional dominance of idealism. Hence, great attention to the dictionary "philosophical practice", which stands for "line of demarcation" between false and true ideas, and ultimately between antagonistic classes. The philosophy of helping people to distinguish between the theory and ideas of true and false. Weapon in political struggle are words. Altyuser emphasizes that the struggle between classes can sometimes be summarized in the fight for or against the word of the term. That is the word "humanism". Although the Communists are fighting for a free, fair society, we can not say that Marxism - is humanism, because in practice the term "humanism" is used to oppose bourgeois ideology "of vital importance to the concept of the proletariat: the class struggle."
Another example Altyusera: Marxists should abandon the phrase "man makes history." Why? Because it uses a bourgeois ideology, as opposed to the classic proletarian expression: "the masses make history." Philosophy, therefore, is fighting for the concept, for the words to their true meaning and its nuances, and this struggle is part of a political struggle.
Thus, Marxism is a fight and in the field of scientific concepts ("concept", "theory", "alienation", "discourse"), and in the ordinary, expressing their terms ("people", "weight", "the people", " class struggle "). It should be noted that the rigid class approach to the understanding of Marxism as a theoretical anti-humanism "came to the PCF to replace the prevailing there in the first half of 60 years. strategy of "open embrace of" Marxist humanism.
Put forward by a former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Roger Garaudy, she criticized the alienation and dehumanization in degollevskoy France, sought to implement a dialogue and unity with the humanists, existentialists, socialists and Christians. Garaudy ideas into practice coincided with the famous thesis of J.-P. Sartre: "Existentialism - a humanism." Thereby integrated the idea of Garaudy young Marx to the then orthodoxy of the PCF.
At the same time, together with M. Godel, and L. Sebag - young anthropologists - Altyuser prepared a structuralist interpretation of Marx's works. It is about the allocation of Marx's work period (before 1845), containing the gap (dollar bill) by bourgeois ideology, and the ripening period (1845-1857 gg.).
Such a periodization involves identifying blind spots of Marxism "- remnants of an inverted Hegelianism. Those are the model of base and superstructure, and other phantoms, coming from the shadow of Hegel. " Therefore, open Marx in Das Kapital, historical materialism was not conceptualized as a new science is not brought into the state teoretichnosti and infected ideological terms, the Hegelian method of presentation, with whom Marx had a weakness to flirt. Obtained chased formula: Marxism as science and scientific philosophy is the "theoretical anti-humanism."
However, in terms of de-Stalinization, when issues of morality and politics come to the fore, begins to dominate the ideology of the young Marx. She may temporarily replace the theory, rejecting the dogma of Stalinism. However, the XX Congress of the CPSU in the report of NS Khrushchev psevdomarksistski explain the violation of socialist legality, and having carried the cult of personality to the superstructure, has introduced the "heart of bourgeois ideology" (humanism) in the labor movement and the renewal of socialism, which makes creative Marxists to resort to the tried and tested weapon of Marxism - Philosophy.
Stalin's crimes - is not a deflection and deformation of socialism, but the product of an ongoing class struggle. Necessary to transform the practice of the masses in a philosophical theses. The central problem here - criticism of humanism, the elimination of the Kantian heritage by eliminating the concept of the subject. That's why after the removal of the revisionist model of humanism Marxist theory must be followed by its ejection from the practice.
Appears in the USSR as a result of the transfer of the German Social Democrats manuscripts Marx's early (for us they were published in 1956) coincided with the revelation of Stalin's personality cult at the Twentieth Party Congress. As we know, the wife of Karl Kautsky ran away to the beautiful lover Engels. In response, the German Social-Democracy long hidden in the archives of the early works of Marx and Engels.
It turned out that neither Lenin nor Stalin were not familiar with the early Marx. After the great victory in the war the communists from East Germany the SED gave to the Institute of Marxism-Leninism Marx's manuscripts. Translation took two years and that "Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, 1844" was published in 1956 The problem of the cult of personality stems directly from the humanistic themes of early Marxism.
Humanistic turn in the social sciences has led to the emergence of Marxist outcomes in their constructions of the thesis about personal identity and social relations. Such a radical sotsiologizatsiya image of the person calling for the study of human needs and proclaimed after the "manuscripts" imminent triumph of the best to meet the growing needs of the Soviet people and the fully developed personality. All Khrushchev, Gorbachev's perestroika was based on the need for democracy to build "socialism with a human face" and therefore was entirely inspired by the work of the early Marx. With respect to the image of socialism of late Marx-Lenin-Stalin, this restructuring was objectively revisionism, and its leaders - renegades.
The dispute about the true Marx against the backdrop of recognizing the value of Marx's theory of his adversaries. So, K. R. Popper shows that science since Marx never will be like a pre-Marxist science. Aron, believing that Marx is mysterious and has become known to the world only after his death, believed that occurs periodically in the expansion is not Marxism, but marksianstva, which examines the teachings of Marx as the "Bible of the working class."
Marx himself does not consider itself as an oracle, since theoretically studied the capitalist society and makes a number of assumptions about adult communist state.
Finally, the criticism of Marx's theory should not be indiscriminate, but set in the context of certain statements. Thus, the thesis that "the proletarians do not have the Fatherland" corresponded to the period of European history, when the workers had no right to vote and voting for the owners in these circumstances, the proletarians, indeed, was not the Motherland.
It was the early Marx was declared authentic in a short time of Khrushchev's thaw and the Gorbachev "katastroyki" (a term AA Zinoviev). As a result, the Soviet Union during the second half of the twentieth century. prevailed early Marx, which is officially in analogy with lukachevskim way "young Hegelian" came to be called "young Marx". That's the idea of the young Marx identified vector adjustment (inspired by the democratic masses smoke cover the bureaucratic apparatus of the revolution) and resulted in the late twentieth century. to a system of Stalinism, but without Stalin.
It is obvious that in HH1. Russia will not mondialist exploitative nor national-patriotic, or state-socialist, but humanistic - and the socialist community, ie Eurasian in the ideology and principles of human relations. A new concept of man is now only comes after many false starts, and the early Marx would dominate Russian XXI century. as a humanistic-communal ideology of Russian socialism and social justice. Only it is unlikely there will be some new socialism, born out of chaos antimondialistskogo: Socialism of the future is absolutely traditional, highly learned and international.
It seems that after a short "tack" the story once again is going to evolve according to Marx, that is moving in the direction of the Communist organization of society by overcoming of private property! Transitional form of Marxism and the new vision of socialism during the struggle for the restoration of national independence is "evramarksizm" (our term - SN, warmly endorsed by the AG Dugin, as before, and the International Congress of the Marxists in April 2002). Evrakommunizm and evramarksizm - Eurasian Marxism, based on the primacy of Eurasian geopolitics. Geopolitics is organically articulated with structural conceptualism late Marx.
Already on the agenda in the collapse of the globalization of terrorism posed "a synthetic communism" as a repetition of a new spiral of the ancient mode of production. In the global domination of the capital raised forces, preparing for the third historic attempt to build socialism.
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