" Do not climb - kill ! "

Once , during the beginning of the era of electrification of Russia - USSR , the inscription was very common on the pillars of power lines . Would do well to remember her and now , when the latter-day owners of Russian energy prices drove the light, like a dog pack cat gaping - for the most top bunk .
When press reported that Russian catch up and overtake the U.S. at a cost of electricity , it became clear that even the most rabid stalinonenavistniki not delighted with this achievement.Energy realized : snap in the old bazaar by the women of the most corrupt media screaming for hire : "I am for dad peregryzu throat ! ", " Until the eviction ! " - Was it- can produce the opposite impression on the people . Especially, if they beat their bony hands dangling from the waist up tits .
 Because essentially there is nothing to argue , and I want to cut down some money , as before, and even more, had to hire expensive and babenok posoobrazitelnee . One such slashed opponents of universal appreciation in cultural : "For the most part the participants unsteadily know what they are discussing , for the elucidation of this takes time and effort ." And really , what to expect from " people whose knowledge on electricity limited by the fact that the current running through the wires , stick your fingers in the socket undesirable "? While people know to successfully run your fingers into the treasury. And the elbow . Of "cattle" , which by virtue of innate stupidity does not understand , now hesitates even Ksenia Sobchak .Itself babonki not tell how much time and effort spent " asking ", but derided " frightening increase electricity prices , which was not " :


" In those States, according to the Institute of Natural Monopolies , domestic consumer pays an average of 12.31 per cent a year , while in Russia - 9.43 . And the industry - 6.8 and 6.88 cents respectively. That is, in the U.S. household pays for electricity twice industry. And when "Rusal ", whose electricity is 40 % of the cost , says that we have overtaken America, it sounds burning and justifiable , but this does not mean that domestic consumers have the same reason to complain . "Which implies that the time to study the issue itself Mockingbird not spent very much. And when the quill-driver knowledge was necessary ? Do not have time to be born - they already know everything .
If we refer to the Institute come from natural monopolies , let's give the results of all studies . For example , the findings Bulat Nigmatulin Iskanderovich , doctor of technical sciences , first deputy general director of the Institute of Natural Monopolies . He calculated : " In the U.S., the cost of electricity for industry - 6.7 cents, and for households - 11. If you count the cost of electricity in Russia for domestic consumers by purchasing power parity , it will be equal to 19 cents . That is almost 3 times higher than in the United States. "Thus, the " household consumers " more reason to complain than Krupnyakov ."Today we have electricity for consumers is an average of 15 cents , which corresponds to the average price in Europe , more precisely in Germany, where the cost of electricity for consumers - 14-15 U.S. cents ( calculated according to purchasing power parity in Germany) ."Moreover, it turns out, we caught up with Europe !The conclusion made ​​by PhD : " This means that further raise the price of electricity for the population is not, and for the industry and so it is too high , even when compared with European (not to mention the U.S. ) ." It also means we would add that our economy becomes uncompetitive . Looks like the WTO country dragged very far-sighted people ! Twenty years of negotiations led to just price equalization podgadit ... I mean , podgadat .Well, since all the escalating tariffs of natural monopolies to price products, once there comes a happy moment when the buyer can not encroach on it . Economic downturn is already before our eyes.

Note that while " The share of electricity produced by the new imported equipment purchased for the currency is insignificant . '" Although , according to estimates by Valery Ovseychuka ( PhD, Professor , Honored Power Engineer CIS chief expert PKF ZAO " SCAF ", Moscow ) in 1990-2011 . rates increased (at constant prices , ie prices, excluding inflation, by basis in 1990 ) :

    electricity by 32% ;
    thermal energy at 74% ;
    for utilities (full services: energy , hot and cold water, heating , garbage collection , etc.) by 294 %. ( The magazine " News of Electrical », № 4 (76) 2012 ) .
The question is, what happened to the money from the population ripoffs together with the skin ?Where the funds received from the sale of shares and other things ? Where Chubais promised "investment" ? All it took to new owners palaces energy?
Subtotal Chubais theft " share power ( 1.9 trillion rubles). In total GDP ( 44.5 trillion rubles. , 2010 ) is - 4.3%, gas efficiency at thermal power plants in Russia and Housing 40% lower than in the EU countries and the United States . " For comparison, in Sweden, where stealing is not accepted, but because decent equipment , 1 % of the population employed in the energy sector, giving the country 10% of GDP .

While Home Energy lament about the lack of electricity , Mr. Nigmatulin believes that " we have a huge (up to 30 %) saving provision of electricity generated from the manufacturer. Growth capacity factor (load factor ) Russian TPP and NPP to the European average (15-20% ) will provide additional production , respectively, to 180 and 20 billion kWh per year. "These volumes could be today , if not to buy palaces and other little treats . So ripoffs funds were lowered into the toilet. However, gold.Only one "introduction of frequency control of electric drives, as well as the replacement of old motors and other equipment will reduce the power consumption of electric capacity in the country by 2020, 100 billion kWh ." But what is the "boss" in the face "effective owners " will change the outdated equipment , if you can out of it and working to squeeze and squeeze ! Until crumble . Here live the explosion to explosion. That power , the transformer ..."Reduction of power losses in power networks with 14% (112 TWh ) to standard 8% (82 TWh ) will provide savings of 30 billion kWh ."Right now ! Director "Penzaenergo" Sergey Esyakov for this purpose also waded guerrilla trails zaspinno and undercover in the State Duma to make himself ottele reduce network losses . And profit in your pocket. However, this is mere mortals pocket , while Mr Esyakova his comrades - the bank " Kuznetsk " where he used a native government collects payment of utility bills . Their own , in other words ."Thus , the total possibility of increasing production at existing ( rehab) facilities as well as reduction of energy consumption by the consumer by increasing energy efficiency up more than 400 billion kWh (more than 40 % of electricity production in 2010 ) . " Not Hilo , sir! You do not remember how much it will Dneproges ?PhD does not approve the construction of new facilities if the cheaper lead in a modern look available. " The same applies to Gusgidro , which plans to build a power plant on the border with China to export electricity . Instead of investing in their own infrastructure and reduce the cost of electricity to our customers . "Under the strange pretext that " Such projects are ruining Russia ." But officials and enrich the "strong hozyaystvennichkov ."
What is it you propose , mister ? Suppose we pull up to the world level CHP - what? What to do with the resulting excess power ? Chubais want to put the world ?
Scientist man believes in the ultimate triumph of reason in his view , " this is only necessary for a fair and reasonable laws bureaucracy ." ( Which, of course, ever will . Esyakovyh from the Lord , ensconced in the State Duma ) . " I only wish to live in this wonderful time I do not have neither mine nor thine ," - as noted by other stupid people.However , a knowledgeable person to retell the article makes no sense to read it much more useful . Unlike breakdown omniscient babenok smart people we rarely give the word ." Development of electric power based on myths ... "
Bulat NigmatulinWhen experts discuss the reasons for slow implementation in our country energy-efficient technologies , among the main reasons they call low energy cost compared with Western countries. But is it really our cheap energy or just another myth ? How much energy we will need in the foreseeable future ?We talked about this with Bulat Nigmatulin Iskanderovich , doctor of technical sciences , first deputy general director of the Institute of Natural Monopolies .
Bulat Iskanderovich how to estimate how much or how little we pay for electricity ? How much it should cost at all ?When comparing the cost of international power in Russia, Germany and the United States incorrectly translated at Tsentrabanka . You must use a different value - purchasing power parity dollars ( PPP $ ) around the GDP. For example : in 2010, instead of $ 1 ( CBA ) = 30.5 rubles. must use the value of U.S. $ 1 = 16 rubles PPP . ( Rosstat data ) . The proof of this statement is based on the following assumptions :• production , transport, distribution and sale of electricity in the country are carried out by domestic enterprises with depreciated equipment, the Russian fuel and the domestic labor force. Accordingly, goods, services and labor costs paid by domestic ruble prices and quotations . The share of electricity generated by the new imported equipment purchased for the currency at the exchange rate is negligible ;• The proportion of electricity ( 1.9 trillion rubles). In total GDP ( 44.5 trillion rubles. , Example 2010 ) is a substantial amount - 4.3% ;• Average annual rate of change of energy consumption depends uniquely on the annual growth rate of GDP. During the fall in GDP (1991-1998 , 2009) by 1% fall in GDP is on average 0.55 % drop in electricity consumption , GDP growth in the period ( 1999-2008 ) at 1% of GDP growth only 0.3 % growth in consumption ;• In relation to the cost of U.S. $ PPP = 16 rubles . to the Central Bank rate = 30.5 rubles. equal to 52% in 2010 ( Fig. 1) , the ratio of ruble prices of energy in the country to ruble export prices (corresponding to the level of prices on the world market ) , which supplied energy to the EU and the U.S. , taking into account all fees and costs of transportation to points of export sales - shows that in 2010 the ratio of oil to equal 56% for power coal - 54 % for gas - 37%.This means that the cost of energy for thermal power plants in Russia , converted by $ PPP , close to the level of world prices at which these energy supplied to the power station in the EU and in the U.S.. A partial exception is down by 40% the cost of gas in the country, converted by $ PPP in relation to the world level, converted by $ CB.This is due to the fact that the effectiveness of the use of gas to the power station Russia and Housing just 40% lower than in the EU countries and the USA. Therefore, the need to maintain this level of understated prices in Russia . But , nevertheless , sufficiently high for today's technological state of the Russian electricity and utilities. The growth rate of the price of gas in the country to the international level - 52 % of the value calculated at the rate of $ CB , or 100% , to $ PPP must be synchronized with the rate of technological renovation gas CHP and boiler where follow-up should be carried out Energy , Mezhregion , and Energonadzor Rostehnadzor .
Figure 1.The ratio of cost to the rate of $ PPP $ Central Bank and the ruble cost of energy in the country and for export in 2010
Analyze the ratio of the value of the same finished product supply , such as " Big Mac " in Russia and the United States . In mid-2010 it was equal to 71 Russian rubles. , Ie at the current exchange rate as 2.33 dollars, while in the U.S. it cost was U.S. $ 3.73 . Thus, the purchasing power parity of the dollar prices " Big Mac " in Russia and the United States should be 19 $ . or 62 % of the rate of $ CB. Higher index value " Big Mac " (19 rubles). Relative to the magnitude of $ PPP GDP around (16 rubles). Explained by the fact that the " Big Mac " is beef. In Russia, the third volume of beef imported from abroad and payable at the rate of $ CB. And it is somewhat closer to the intrinsic value of beef level of world prices and, consequently, makes the index " Big Mac " above $ PPP = 16 rubles . , But significantly lower than the rate of $ CB = 30.5 rubles.In the U.S., the cost of electricity for industry - 6.7 cents, and for households - 11. If you count the cost of electricity in Russia for domestic consumers by purchasing power parity , it will be equal to 19 cents . That is, almost 3 times higher than in the U.S. .Generating enterprises in need of modernization . Unfortunately , the equipment we buy abroad. And pay for it at the rate of the Central Bank ...Well, let's 50% rate - is the investment component . Then, at an average price of 3 rubles . / KW, we have 1.5 rubles . recalculated at the exchange rate , and 1.5 rubles . - purchasing power parity . We find that we have today for electricity consumers is an average of 15 cents , which corresponds to the average price in Europe , more precisely in Germany, where the cost of electricity for consumers - 14-15 U.S. cents ( calculated at purchasing power parity in Germany) .If we consider more precisely, in Russia, the price for industrial consumers should be 2.2 rubles. , And for the population - 3 rubles. (including cross-subsidization ) . This means that further raise the price of electricity for the population is no longer possible , and for the industry and so it is too high , even when compared with European ( not to mention the United States).Many experts and politicians fight for energy-efficient reform without increasing tariffs. But so far prevailing view that without growth rates can not do ...Unfortunately, the development of our energy is based on several mythical statements. One of them - the myth of the low price - we debunked above. Talk about others. Axiom is believed that the electricity shortage in the near future will be influenced by the technological development of Russia. The country's economy will grow rapidly over the next 20 years ( until 2030 ), and consequently , the growth rate of consumption (production) of electricity will be 3,2-4,9 % per year, which is 1.7 times more than in 1999-2008 despite the higher projected Electricity saving (" Energostrategiya -2009" ) . Therefore it is necessary to dramatically increase the construction of new generating and transmission capacity by 2020 70-100 GW, or 30-50% of the existing 2030 160-200 GW, or 60-100 % of the existing ones.In fact, we have a huge (up to 30 %) from the reserve energy saving of electricity generated from the manufacturer. Total capacity of gas power plant, primarily to be reconstructed for the transition from steam turbine combined cycle to cycle (serial condensing units with a unit capacity of 150 , 200 and 300 MW units with teplofikatsionnye Tubin R-60 -90 , T-110 and T -130 -180 ) , is greater than 44 GWh - almost twice larger than the nuclear capacity ( GW 24 ) . A total estimated ITER RAO - 80 GW of capacity .Reconstruction of gas combined-cycle thermal power plant to 3-6 times cheaper, and duration of work on the reconstruction of three times shorter than the construction of new nuclear reactors .30% , or 15 GW , you can increase the total capacity of the reconstructed gas blocks located in the same place where the NPP (European Russia and the Urals ) . This will give an additional production of 100 billion kWhGrowth capacity factor (load factor ) Russian TPP and NPP to the European average (15-20% ) will provide additional production , respectively, to 180 and 20 billion kWh per year.Introduction of frequency control of electric drives , as well as the replacement of old motors and other equipment will reduce the power consumption of electric capacity in the country by 2020, 100 billion kWhReduction of losses in electric power with 14% (112 TWh ) to standard 8% ( 82 billion kWh) will save 30 billion kWhThus , the total possibility of increasing production at existing ( rehab) facilities as well as reduction of energy consumption by the consumer by increasing energy efficiency up more than 400 billion kWh (more than 40 % of electricity production in 2010 ) .Next , I argue that the growth of energy consumption in our country will go much slower than it is stated in the " Energy Strategy 2009" .We examined the relationship of GDP growth and growth in energy consumption for different countries. And found that the ratio between these two values ​​on the big slot permanently.Fig . 2 shows the evolution of the national income (GDP) and production (consumption ) in the Russian Federation (RSFSR) in 1950-2010 years. All this range can be divided into six periods , during which the ratio of the rate of change of GDP and the rate of consumption ( production ) of electricity are different.

Figure 2 (more)Indices of change in GDP and consumption (production ) of electricity in Russia (RSFSR)
In the years 1999-2008 there is a restoration of the economy. GDP increased by 1.86 times , or 86% , while consumption (production ) of electricity - 1.25 times , or 25% . 1% of GDP growth accounted for only 0.3 % growth in consumption (production ) of electricity .Thus, if the Ministry of Economic Development gives GDP growth forecast to 20 year is not more than 5% per year. Then the growth of electricity consumption will be only 1.5 % (5 multiply by 0.3 ), but not by 3%.Moreover, I believe that 5% per year - this is the maximum growth rate, it will be difficult to achieve , because The situation is aggravated by the fact that in the next decade , each year we will be reducing the number of working age people per 1 million people. And with an average of 84 million population trudostoposobnogo people it will fit on a drop in GDP of 1.2 % per year. Thus, 5 % GDP growth in the period 2011-2020 corresponds to GDP growth of 6.2 % in the period 2000-2010 .You argue that only by investing in the reconstruction of power plants using fossil fuels , we can cover a large part of the potential energy shortages . But where to invest , if not to raise rates ?In our country is extremely inefficient investment in the electricity used . As in the generation segment , and in the network economy. For example, Rosatom has started construction of the Baltic NPP in Kaliningrad. Elektroenergoizbytochen region . There are two newly built unit PGU- 450 ( total capacity of 0.9 GW) . Thus , the construction of nuclear power plants involves the ability to export electricity. But arrangements for purchasing our electricity yet. But this hope is unfounded . No country in the world will not depend on electricity imports . Gas - is another matter. His , unlike electric power can be stored .Further, the infrastructure money should be spent on domestic use . This will help increase the competitiveness of our economy.In addition, for 1 kWh in nuclear power requires 6 times more investment than in the gas , where the effect on investment is faster .That is, we are seeing extremely inefficient allocation of resources .The same applies to Gusgidro , which plans to build a power plant on the border with China to export electricity . Instead of investing in their own infrastructure and reduce the cost of electricity for our customers .Such projects are ruining Russia .What do you propose ?Rosenergoatom and RusHydro have to withdraw from the market, so they released the electricity at a fixed price set by the state . But gas power plants have to compete among themselves in the free market . Today up to 80 % of the cost of electricity generated by gas-fired electricity - the price of gas. Therefore, those plants that hold modernization and a half times to reduce gas consumption , will be in pole position . In this situation, the thermal power plants and should be able to attract investment for modernization.By the way, for energy efficiency measures you can use the consumer , not raising rates. For example, for 5 years to fix the price of electricity , but the obligation to carry out all the necessary energy-saving measures . And this issue as investment contracts .You can think of many other good and effective measures . To do this, just need an honest bureaucracy and reasonable laws .Eugene Pyrkov