PAPHOS AND POETRY OF THOUGHT "We are spiritual beings. A childhood - it is land and soil of our soul, the sky of our souls "- said in a recent interview with actor and director Rolan Bykov. And the essence of what was said, of course, is not that person - a being incorporeal. It is that aging of the human soul - is a delicate process and, simultaneously, the Majestic. Process, comparable only to that of becoming the harmony of the universe, and perhaps even more significant. But if the laws of the universe can be learned from the science of astronomy, then where you can read about the laws of the human spirit?
It is quite clear and comprehensive answer to this question the interested reader will find the book well-known Soviet philosopher Evald Vasilyevich Ilyenkov, which he called "dialectical logic. Essays on the History and Theory. " This is the second edition of the author, whose works had their good-tvornoe influenced several generations of philosophers, and just civilized people, not only in our country but also abroad. What is it, this book? This book is about the thought and its laws. On the history of logical science. The significance and role of thinking in human life and destiny. On the materialist dialectics as the logic of the communist world of our contemporary, effective spiritual weapon in the struggle for his happiness. What is perfect? Thinks the brain or a person with a brain? Which is preferable, and a decent person: to think abstractly or concretely thinking? What is universal: it exists only in the human mind, or universal, as well as the abstract, is in reality itself? Is it always an integer greater than parts? Could be a whole part of their own as part of a whole to become its own as a whole? "Mystery of the thinking body" - so designated EV Ilyenkov node of these, as well as other difficulties and problems for many, many centuries trying to cope the best human minds. It is through communication and active dialogue with such luminaries of philosophy of science, as Aristotle and Spinoza, Descartes, Kant, Hegel and Lenin, Marx and Feuerbach is the author of the reader to comprehend the mysterious "thinking body", as distinct from the body of an unthinking. What people have thought - this is known to everyone. But, in fact, not all of what we are with you "well known", can be regarded as deeply and thoroughly understood. As a person rashly judged by what and how he thinks of himself, and says so and the thought can not be judged by his conceit. Much more useful to see how and what it actually does, not even realizing it clear and correct record. For example, people often think that they think only of the many things when choosing a certain one, are ubiquitous sign, calling it "concept" of a thing. It is for this very occasion we encounter in the book funny philosophical parable: He lives in a chicken coop chicken. Every day, the owner comes and brings her a peck seeds. Chicken, of course, make the conclusion from this: the appearance of the host - associated with the emergence of seeds. But one day the owner will be in a chicken coop with no seeds, but with a sharp knife, which convincingly proves the chicken that it would not hurt to have a more subtle understanding of how scientific generalization. And this "chicken thinking," if we hold it not in words but in deeds, can take you every step ... People for a long time met with white swans, of which, and concluded: all swans are white! And they were convinced that as long as Australia were not found ... black swans. Only through incorporation into a logical science of human affairs and actions you can understand how people think. That's why, and should, says our author, to look at the thinking on such activities as human ability, which reveals its energy not only in the "speaking", but throughout the exciting process of creating culture, all the substantive body of human civilization, including the tools here and statues, shops and churches, factories and government offices, political organizations and the legal system. ... It so happened that walks in the light of the opinion that before the eyes of thinking the world should fade all colors of life. The book Ilyenkov decisively and irrevocably refute this walking prejudice. With a great benefit for himself read her boy and girl, senior pupils and students, young workers and advocate for the Komsomol, any man of culture. Leafing through its pages, we unwittingly find ourselves trapped in poetry and the pathos of the sublime spiritual work, which has long (and not without reason!) Called the human mind. 1984 - 1985. LIGHT IDEAL against tyranny IDOL REFLECTING ON THE BOOK Man can not live without ideals. This - admittedly. But there still is a little on the light of this, without which it could not get people. For example, without food and drink, clothing and shelter, work and leisure ... So, actually, what is ideal? As not to confuse the sake of what makes life worth living, so with the help of which we exist? So in short can be summarized as the central issue of a new book by a talented Soviet philosopher Evald Ilyenkov, called the ART and the Communist ideal. Selected articles on philosophy and aesthetics. " M., "Art", 1984. This book - not an easy read. As, however, is not easy and carefree life itself of its contemporary readers, engaged in the real creation and creativity. A Ilyenkov works - a sober and honest expression of life. Because, as Spinoza said, after the author himself, he belongs "to the estate of the philosophers, calling not to cry, not laugh, but to understand." What ideals do exist - known to everyone. But what is known - is still far is not necessarily understood. And hard, but gratefully way of knowing the author leads his readers to an ancient philosophical question: what is ideal? And what is the ideal? It might at first appear that the philosophical problems in general - is a problem for philosophers. However, it is not so! It is not because there are such problems that there are philosophers. And vice versa: because something is in the light of the philosophers, that this problem exists. And most acutely arises in most of our life. The real difficulty - and in life and in science - is not to discriminate and oppose each other all that is in the mind of an individual, everything that is outside the individual's consciousness. Make it fair to the author, is almost always easy. The real difficulty is to distinguish between the world collectively professed views (which are also in fact are outside of the head of the individual), and the real, material world. "That's where, and only here - wrote Ilyenkov - distinction between" ideal "and" real "... and takes a serious scientific meaning, and precisely because in practice the mass of people now and then confused with one another, accept one another for with the same ease with which they take the "wishful thinking", but that with things done and do it themselves - for their own forms of things. " ... In this context, comes to mind is a consideration. American capitalism during his historic youth spawned a collective illusion of "equal society", which was named the "American dream". Its essence is that the remarkable abilities, hard work and personal initiative "geniuses" of the bourgeois business given to them, they say, "by nature". They are - ordinary workers, like millions of other Americans. And that means, "earned" their millions - the natural outcome of and reward. That is why the attack on this system is unnatural and unfair. A encroach on the de-fruits of their labor, or "idlers and loafers", or "red" ... And live, despite the millions of unemployed and hungry, the old story about the Christmas that any shoe shiner can become a millionaire ... and finds the legend warm sympathy in the same disadvantaged Americans to believe that capitalism is not bad for them, but just the opposite: they are - losers - in themselves bad for the "good" capitalism. Mix, confuse, to give one after another - collective forms of people's lives as their collective representation and vice versa - this is the usual focus of contemporary bourgeois propagandists in their ideological sabotage against socialism and "their" workers. So cold there is dispassionately and philosophically, this old, old, old "problem of the ideal? Is not it reliably provides us in the class struggle of ideas, helps us today and always confide SPEECH - deeds. Exposing those who prefer to evaluate their performance not on the actual state of affairs at the subordinate station, and the number of issued resolutions, decisions and any kind of instructions? As shown in his book the author, an extremely important life lesson to us the classical traditions of philosophical materialism, is as follows: the ratio of the ideal - a real must - to the creation, to the ideal - a fact we must always see the relationships between people. Namely: the relation of man to another man, nature, finally, his attitude - to himself. It is on this life-realistic, sober, materialistic foundation brilliantly and convincingly revealed in the book topic that could be defined as follows: terrestrial misadventures of a beautiful ideal. What are the origins of these misadventures? What is their meaning and are not insured if we, the contemporaries of scientific and technological revolution, safely and permanently from the tragic mistakes of the past? "It depends on the circumstances! - Convinces us of the author. - Because there are ideals and there are idols ... "For example, the ideal kind merciful Christian God even today for millions of people on the planet is not quite lost its appeal. Of course, in an age of scientific and technological revolution to believe that "God created man in the image and likeness" - it would be very naive and not-to-date. But here's something that man created God just as He created books and statues, huts and temples, the bread and wine, science and technology - this is not a fairy tale, not a myth, but a serious science. And if so, if God - this is only self-portrait of man, what's wrong with the worship of him? Especially because people on the icon shown exclusively with the best of his hand. "God" is only an alias ideal man, ideal and poetic model of the Perfect Man. Ideal, given the man himself, the Supreme goal of human self-improvement ... and all the evil, evil to be overcome and human features are shown on another self-portrait as "the Devil" ... All this is true. The only trouble is - explains Ilyenkov - that refractor religious heaven does not reflect the real good and real evil, but only their own ideas about man that is good and what is evil. And this, alas, is not the same thing. After all, what is the real man - that and his god. And if so, then heaven religion reflect the person does not what he "should", and then what it actually is. With all its plusses and minuses. But the disadvantages are reflected in a mirror, not as a minus, but as a plus. And vice versa. In view of this religion draws a person exactly the way it should remain. She always gave out "determinate being" The Man Behind the ideal of the top of any possible perfection, whose people can not and must not overstep. In the form of a religious ideal of man is presented the image of his own yesterday. Religion has always treated the "golden age" of the past. This "optical-ideological" turncoats, and is the secret of making any "ideal" in the "Idol", ie into a kind of spiritual chain, which under the guise of self-improvement and self-realization in this world voluntarily imposes on himself a man. "And it would be naive to think - the author assures us - that the secret of the Flip is a property only of the religious consciousness." Religiosity, idolatry is possible not only in itself religious, but also in the secular, so to speak, even atheistic, scientific and technical sphere. Because it exists not only in the form of merciful Christian God, but "in the form of a truly religious belief in the magical power of the securities, the creative power of the circulars in unfathomable wisdom of the offices and much more. Religious idols ... on the grounds of atheism and science? - Bewildered cry a reader. But what about the "fundamental opposition" between science and religion? Is not there, so to speak, "a round square" or "wooden iron." Put simply - the absurdity? Alas, no! Adoration of the "idols" are not only motivated by prejudice. It happens on the ground of professional development mind. That is science. And not only science but also technology, unless, of course, forget that these are just helpers and servants of the human person in his same life, and not vice versa. Sometimes, unfortunately, and vice versa! "This new absolute spirit - the spirit of scientific" at all costs - has long had its priests and priests. One of the servants of the "new Lord God" noted with satisfaction that, after listening to advice about incineration of Hiroshima: "What a brilliant experiment in physics!" Is not it sad and not funny - continues Ilyenkov - when we see, hear or read that "some highly respected scientists with a comically serious look deal with the problem of" simulation of Superman "(for God-seeking are now fashionably called that way) and draw icon depicting the coming of the Savior in the form of machines smarter than man ... "? Of course, science and technology - a great thing. Without them, there is no civilization - is its backbone, its skeleton. Technique (no matter what - whether dental equipment business, or management technique, or prosody) is the most precious treasure a man, his wealth, which must be preserved and multiplied. But deified technique, like all deified, - it is human poverty. Deity is not without misery. It has long been known that the more a person ascribes to God the less he keeps himself. The freedom of man in general - and the freedom of imagination as it is a special case - there is nothing more than an act in conformity required. Here's why - we read in the pages of the book - the aesthetic education of man contributes to the transformation of an individual from a passive object of external influences - in the amateur subjects of historical action, creative individuality, creative communism, foreign, any and all idols. But communism is becoming a reality in exactly the extent to which each person becomes "totally developed individual, to develop their imagination, thought and will, and working at the forefront of human culture. "And the realization of communist ideals in any case can not be postponed" until tomorrow ". His need to be implemented today, right now, "- concludes the author of their joint reflection with the reader. V. MOLCHANOV, PhD, member of the Urban Seminar on Russian, German and Greek philosophy "Russian Logos.
"Science of Ural, June 6, 1985, edition of 2000.
It is quite clear and comprehensive answer to this question the interested reader will find the book well-known Soviet philosopher Evald Vasilyevich Ilyenkov, which he called "dialectical logic. Essays on the History and Theory. " This is the second edition of the author, whose works had their good-tvornoe influenced several generations of philosophers, and just civilized people, not only in our country but also abroad. What is it, this book? This book is about the thought and its laws. On the history of logical science. The significance and role of thinking in human life and destiny. On the materialist dialectics as the logic of the communist world of our contemporary, effective spiritual weapon in the struggle for his happiness. What is perfect? Thinks the brain or a person with a brain? Which is preferable, and a decent person: to think abstractly or concretely thinking? What is universal: it exists only in the human mind, or universal, as well as the abstract, is in reality itself? Is it always an integer greater than parts? Could be a whole part of their own as part of a whole to become its own as a whole? "Mystery of the thinking body" - so designated EV Ilyenkov node of these, as well as other difficulties and problems for many, many centuries trying to cope the best human minds. It is through communication and active dialogue with such luminaries of philosophy of science, as Aristotle and Spinoza, Descartes, Kant, Hegel and Lenin, Marx and Feuerbach is the author of the reader to comprehend the mysterious "thinking body", as distinct from the body of an unthinking. What people have thought - this is known to everyone. But, in fact, not all of what we are with you "well known", can be regarded as deeply and thoroughly understood. As a person rashly judged by what and how he thinks of himself, and says so and the thought can not be judged by his conceit. Much more useful to see how and what it actually does, not even realizing it clear and correct record. For example, people often think that they think only of the many things when choosing a certain one, are ubiquitous sign, calling it "concept" of a thing. It is for this very occasion we encounter in the book funny philosophical parable: He lives in a chicken coop chicken. Every day, the owner comes and brings her a peck seeds. Chicken, of course, make the conclusion from this: the appearance of the host - associated with the emergence of seeds. But one day the owner will be in a chicken coop with no seeds, but with a sharp knife, which convincingly proves the chicken that it would not hurt to have a more subtle understanding of how scientific generalization. And this "chicken thinking," if we hold it not in words but in deeds, can take you every step ... People for a long time met with white swans, of which, and concluded: all swans are white! And they were convinced that as long as Australia were not found ... black swans. Only through incorporation into a logical science of human affairs and actions you can understand how people think. That's why, and should, says our author, to look at the thinking on such activities as human ability, which reveals its energy not only in the "speaking", but throughout the exciting process of creating culture, all the substantive body of human civilization, including the tools here and statues, shops and churches, factories and government offices, political organizations and the legal system. ... It so happened that walks in the light of the opinion that before the eyes of thinking the world should fade all colors of life. The book Ilyenkov decisively and irrevocably refute this walking prejudice. With a great benefit for himself read her boy and girl, senior pupils and students, young workers and advocate for the Komsomol, any man of culture. Leafing through its pages, we unwittingly find ourselves trapped in poetry and the pathos of the sublime spiritual work, which has long (and not without reason!) Called the human mind. 1984 - 1985. LIGHT IDEAL against tyranny IDOL REFLECTING ON THE BOOK Man can not live without ideals. This - admittedly. But there still is a little on the light of this, without which it could not get people. For example, without food and drink, clothing and shelter, work and leisure ... So, actually, what is ideal? As not to confuse the sake of what makes life worth living, so with the help of which we exist? So in short can be summarized as the central issue of a new book by a talented Soviet philosopher Evald Ilyenkov, called the ART and the Communist ideal. Selected articles on philosophy and aesthetics. " M., "Art", 1984. This book - not an easy read. As, however, is not easy and carefree life itself of its contemporary readers, engaged in the real creation and creativity. A Ilyenkov works - a sober and honest expression of life. Because, as Spinoza said, after the author himself, he belongs "to the estate of the philosophers, calling not to cry, not laugh, but to understand." What ideals do exist - known to everyone. But what is known - is still far is not necessarily understood. And hard, but gratefully way of knowing the author leads his readers to an ancient philosophical question: what is ideal? And what is the ideal? It might at first appear that the philosophical problems in general - is a problem for philosophers. However, it is not so! It is not because there are such problems that there are philosophers. And vice versa: because something is in the light of the philosophers, that this problem exists. And most acutely arises in most of our life. The real difficulty - and in life and in science - is not to discriminate and oppose each other all that is in the mind of an individual, everything that is outside the individual's consciousness. Make it fair to the author, is almost always easy. The real difficulty is to distinguish between the world collectively professed views (which are also in fact are outside of the head of the individual), and the real, material world. "That's where, and only here - wrote Ilyenkov - distinction between" ideal "and" real "... and takes a serious scientific meaning, and precisely because in practice the mass of people now and then confused with one another, accept one another for with the same ease with which they take the "wishful thinking", but that with things done and do it themselves - for their own forms of things. " ... In this context, comes to mind is a consideration. American capitalism during his historic youth spawned a collective illusion of "equal society", which was named the "American dream". Its essence is that the remarkable abilities, hard work and personal initiative "geniuses" of the bourgeois business given to them, they say, "by nature". They are - ordinary workers, like millions of other Americans. And that means, "earned" their millions - the natural outcome of and reward. That is why the attack on this system is unnatural and unfair. A encroach on the de-fruits of their labor, or "idlers and loafers", or "red" ... And live, despite the millions of unemployed and hungry, the old story about the Christmas that any shoe shiner can become a millionaire ... and finds the legend warm sympathy in the same disadvantaged Americans to believe that capitalism is not bad for them, but just the opposite: they are - losers - in themselves bad for the "good" capitalism. Mix, confuse, to give one after another - collective forms of people's lives as their collective representation and vice versa - this is the usual focus of contemporary bourgeois propagandists in their ideological sabotage against socialism and "their" workers. So cold there is dispassionately and philosophically, this old, old, old "problem of the ideal? Is not it reliably provides us in the class struggle of ideas, helps us today and always confide SPEECH - deeds. Exposing those who prefer to evaluate their performance not on the actual state of affairs at the subordinate station, and the number of issued resolutions, decisions and any kind of instructions? As shown in his book the author, an extremely important life lesson to us the classical traditions of philosophical materialism, is as follows: the ratio of the ideal - a real must - to the creation, to the ideal - a fact we must always see the relationships between people. Namely: the relation of man to another man, nature, finally, his attitude - to himself. It is on this life-realistic, sober, materialistic foundation brilliantly and convincingly revealed in the book topic that could be defined as follows: terrestrial misadventures of a beautiful ideal. What are the origins of these misadventures? What is their meaning and are not insured if we, the contemporaries of scientific and technological revolution, safely and permanently from the tragic mistakes of the past? "It depends on the circumstances! - Convinces us of the author. - Because there are ideals and there are idols ... "For example, the ideal kind merciful Christian God even today for millions of people on the planet is not quite lost its appeal. Of course, in an age of scientific and technological revolution to believe that "God created man in the image and likeness" - it would be very naive and not-to-date. But here's something that man created God just as He created books and statues, huts and temples, the bread and wine, science and technology - this is not a fairy tale, not a myth, but a serious science. And if so, if God - this is only self-portrait of man, what's wrong with the worship of him? Especially because people on the icon shown exclusively with the best of his hand. "God" is only an alias ideal man, ideal and poetic model of the Perfect Man. Ideal, given the man himself, the Supreme goal of human self-improvement ... and all the evil, evil to be overcome and human features are shown on another self-portrait as "the Devil" ... All this is true. The only trouble is - explains Ilyenkov - that refractor religious heaven does not reflect the real good and real evil, but only their own ideas about man that is good and what is evil. And this, alas, is not the same thing. After all, what is the real man - that and his god. And if so, then heaven religion reflect the person does not what he "should", and then what it actually is. With all its plusses and minuses. But the disadvantages are reflected in a mirror, not as a minus, but as a plus. And vice versa. In view of this religion draws a person exactly the way it should remain. She always gave out "determinate being" The Man Behind the ideal of the top of any possible perfection, whose people can not and must not overstep. In the form of a religious ideal of man is presented the image of his own yesterday. Religion has always treated the "golden age" of the past. This "optical-ideological" turncoats, and is the secret of making any "ideal" in the "Idol", ie into a kind of spiritual chain, which under the guise of self-improvement and self-realization in this world voluntarily imposes on himself a man. "And it would be naive to think - the author assures us - that the secret of the Flip is a property only of the religious consciousness." Religiosity, idolatry is possible not only in itself religious, but also in the secular, so to speak, even atheistic, scientific and technical sphere. Because it exists not only in the form of merciful Christian God, but "in the form of a truly religious belief in the magical power of the securities, the creative power of the circulars in unfathomable wisdom of the offices and much more. Religious idols ... on the grounds of atheism and science? - Bewildered cry a reader. But what about the "fundamental opposition" between science and religion? Is not there, so to speak, "a round square" or "wooden iron." Put simply - the absurdity? Alas, no! Adoration of the "idols" are not only motivated by prejudice. It happens on the ground of professional development mind. That is science. And not only science but also technology, unless, of course, forget that these are just helpers and servants of the human person in his same life, and not vice versa. Sometimes, unfortunately, and vice versa! "This new absolute spirit - the spirit of scientific" at all costs - has long had its priests and priests. One of the servants of the "new Lord God" noted with satisfaction that, after listening to advice about incineration of Hiroshima: "What a brilliant experiment in physics!" Is not it sad and not funny - continues Ilyenkov - when we see, hear or read that "some highly respected scientists with a comically serious look deal with the problem of" simulation of Superman "(for God-seeking are now fashionably called that way) and draw icon depicting the coming of the Savior in the form of machines smarter than man ... "? Of course, science and technology - a great thing. Without them, there is no civilization - is its backbone, its skeleton. Technique (no matter what - whether dental equipment business, or management technique, or prosody) is the most precious treasure a man, his wealth, which must be preserved and multiplied. But deified technique, like all deified, - it is human poverty. Deity is not without misery. It has long been known that the more a person ascribes to God the less he keeps himself. The freedom of man in general - and the freedom of imagination as it is a special case - there is nothing more than an act in conformity required. Here's why - we read in the pages of the book - the aesthetic education of man contributes to the transformation of an individual from a passive object of external influences - in the amateur subjects of historical action, creative individuality, creative communism, foreign, any and all idols. But communism is becoming a reality in exactly the extent to which each person becomes "totally developed individual, to develop their imagination, thought and will, and working at the forefront of human culture. "And the realization of communist ideals in any case can not be postponed" until tomorrow ". His need to be implemented today, right now, "- concludes the author of their joint reflection with the reader. V. MOLCHANOV, PhD, member of the Urban Seminar on Russian, German and Greek philosophy "Russian Logos.
"Science of Ural, June 6, 1985, edition of 2000.
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