In the late summer of 2006, members of the Public Chamber (OP) was sent a preliminary version of the report "Status of local self-government in Russia, drawn up by chairman of the committee on Regional Development and Local Government Vyacheslav Glazychev, and which will be presented at a meeting of the House on September 30.
By itself, the question of local government, is important only because it helps to understand the role and importance of the central authorities, and the entire system of government. In this case, on a serious practical question, people can clearly see - whose interests watches over the State.
But as the version of the report, given the wrong direction, not opened the main problems of local government. Reporter simply states that the self-impoverished that the center withdraws all major taxes, and leaves nothing to the local authorities. Assuming that the current system is simply flawed in mind the lack of literacy of its developers, and is competent to approach these issues and set things right.
"The powers are transferred to local self-government, is now only half-funded" - writes the report's author Vyacheslav Glazychev. In his report, many examples of how troubled municipalities.
So what causes displays Glazichev:
1. "Dwarfing" of municipal formations;
"Law on General Principles of Local Self-Government sets the minimum population municipality of a thousand men. According Glazychev, economically justified at least - about 30 thousand. With the lower number can be difficult to form any serious budget. The report mentioned the village Uglerodovsky Krasnosulinskogo district of Rostov region with a population of three thousand people. Within two months of 2006 in his budget received only 1000 rubles - this is not enough for street lighting. "
Vyacheslav Glazichev misses the point that population growth leads to higher costs, not just income. Here we must bear in mind how much money should be spent per inhabitant of the municipality, to provide a decent social conditions. Yes, the officials may be enough money if the number of municipalities will be more, but to address social issues residents of the municipality - is unlikely.
2.Proizvol regional officials;
"Another possible reason bedstvovaniya - a very arbitrary interpretation of federal law by the authorities in some regions. Here is just one example. Tax Code leaves the local government land tax. But in the Orenburg region, contrary to federal, law was passed, at which 80% of the land tax collected by municipalities, passed up. "
Not on arbitrary interpretation of a law to say, but the violence of the authorities over the people, that happens everywhere.
3. Inter-budget impasse
"In 2005, in Pskov in the budgets of all levels were collected 1.813 billion rubles. In the city budget have only 222.9 million, Mayor of Great Bow Ludmila Golubev in circulation in the Public Chamber (it cites in its report Glazychev) wrote that the city has to sell municipal property, to ensure that priority spending budget. In Shuya of 1.2 billion rubles in taxes collected in 2005 in the city budget the remaining 200 million winter collapsed bridge across the conjecture on which the city and 360 million rubles needed to build a new bridge (the old restore profitable) neither urban, nor in the regional budget. The money should go to the Federal Ministry of Transport, and not the fact that it will include this project in the estimates.
After the enactment of the Law on the general principles of local government budgetary provision of municipalities has deteriorated. Vyacheslav Glazychev in his report quoted a statement of the Association of Cities, towns and village councils of Kaluga region: "Today, for the municipalities that existed at the time of the FL-131, are fastened their own income and provides financial assistance to such an extent that allows to form local budgets for 2006 year two to five times smaller revenues and expenses than actually prevailing rates in 2005.
As you can see, the central authorities have built since intergovernmental fiscal relations, that about any free and independent housekeeping municipalities to speak and do not have to. Hoped that these inter-governmental relations to change in themselves, there is not any reason.
4. Existing tax legislation.
"Municipalities need at least thirty to forty percent of the proceeds of all taxes paid by the organization, located on their territory - said Vyacheslav Glazychev - and this issue should be the subject of negotiations between municipalities and public authorities."
"The tax system is structured in such a way that no motivation to develop the business on the ground, it does not give the municipal authorities."
Reading the report, Vyacheslav Glazychev, at first glance, it might seem that this problem is a technical nature, because the Tax and Budget Code can be amended, but in reality it is political. Vyacheslav Glazichev without realizing it, dreaming that the municipalities will provide an opportunity to receive a portion of taxes on business enterprises, if it dostuchitsya to the president. Although the whole of his report shows that do not give.
Of course, not give. Not for the center shall be revoked and passing the State Duma by such laws, which would then, suddenly abandoned.
Today, wherever we cast a glance, we come upon the interests of the state bureaucracy and big business, which, if willing something to give the local government, only the crumbs from the master's table. Local government is so driven that the Chairman of the Audit Chamber Sergei Stepashin, is forced, was to send Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov, a formal letter N 01-1058. In it he is quite categorical colors stood up for local governments, driven almost everywhere in the Russian executive branch, despite the actions of the past three years the law N 131 "On general principles of local self-government in the Russian Federation." Centralized state apparatus determines all policies in the state, and administrative and fiscal, and judicial powers, and harbor the illusion that the unorganized municipalities can resist this huge monster with a hand-held parties and parliament, it is just to mislead people.
And in this situation are still leaders, who refer to the State Duma draft laws on self-taxation. According to "Komsomolskaya Pravda", the Duma has received several bills that would impose a new population rents.
Under the current legislation of additional taxes, you can enter only if you have majority approval. And it is made through a referendum or a majority vote at a rural gathering. Offered the same laws, if adopted, will allow regional authorities to impose taxes based only on social surveys of citizens. Well, as we do things with public polls and vote, everyone knows that. All those who do not ask, against the "United Russia", and according to opinion polls, it supports up to half the population.
In this case, fans prisluzhit power, as always overdone, and did not think that such laws could promote self-government, until samootdeleniya. It is impossible for people to understand that they contain a central authority, but not the power it helps. After all, people start to wonder what the policy of the nipple: there all, but from there nothing. If we ourselves are holding, so even solve all local problems, then why the hell did we still pay federal taxes, serve in the army, let the territory of our municipality have a free trade various imported goods, to sell our forests and lands, natural resources , etc. And then the price really the issue for the center will increase many times.
Therefore, the vertical of power and will be removed from the society most of the profits, giving crumbs to the local government and municipalities, without a democratic central government, that is, the people, will never become a bulwark of democracy.
Ivan Tevrizsky 09/03/2006, the
By itself, the question of local government, is important only because it helps to understand the role and importance of the central authorities, and the entire system of government. In this case, on a serious practical question, people can clearly see - whose interests watches over the State.
But as the version of the report, given the wrong direction, not opened the main problems of local government. Reporter simply states that the self-impoverished that the center withdraws all major taxes, and leaves nothing to the local authorities. Assuming that the current system is simply flawed in mind the lack of literacy of its developers, and is competent to approach these issues and set things right.
"The powers are transferred to local self-government, is now only half-funded" - writes the report's author Vyacheslav Glazychev. In his report, many examples of how troubled municipalities.
So what causes displays Glazichev:
1. "Dwarfing" of municipal formations;
"Law on General Principles of Local Self-Government sets the minimum population municipality of a thousand men. According Glazychev, economically justified at least - about 30 thousand. With the lower number can be difficult to form any serious budget. The report mentioned the village Uglerodovsky Krasnosulinskogo district of Rostov region with a population of three thousand people. Within two months of 2006 in his budget received only 1000 rubles - this is not enough for street lighting. "
Vyacheslav Glazichev misses the point that population growth leads to higher costs, not just income. Here we must bear in mind how much money should be spent per inhabitant of the municipality, to provide a decent social conditions. Yes, the officials may be enough money if the number of municipalities will be more, but to address social issues residents of the municipality - is unlikely.
2.Proizvol regional officials;
"Another possible reason bedstvovaniya - a very arbitrary interpretation of federal law by the authorities in some regions. Here is just one example. Tax Code leaves the local government land tax. But in the Orenburg region, contrary to federal, law was passed, at which 80% of the land tax collected by municipalities, passed up. "
Not on arbitrary interpretation of a law to say, but the violence of the authorities over the people, that happens everywhere.
3. Inter-budget impasse
"In 2005, in Pskov in the budgets of all levels were collected 1.813 billion rubles. In the city budget have only 222.9 million, Mayor of Great Bow Ludmila Golubev in circulation in the Public Chamber (it cites in its report Glazychev) wrote that the city has to sell municipal property, to ensure that priority spending budget. In Shuya of 1.2 billion rubles in taxes collected in 2005 in the city budget the remaining 200 million winter collapsed bridge across the conjecture on which the city and 360 million rubles needed to build a new bridge (the old restore profitable) neither urban, nor in the regional budget. The money should go to the Federal Ministry of Transport, and not the fact that it will include this project in the estimates.
After the enactment of the Law on the general principles of local government budgetary provision of municipalities has deteriorated. Vyacheslav Glazychev in his report quoted a statement of the Association of Cities, towns and village councils of Kaluga region: "Today, for the municipalities that existed at the time of the FL-131, are fastened their own income and provides financial assistance to such an extent that allows to form local budgets for 2006 year two to five times smaller revenues and expenses than actually prevailing rates in 2005.
As you can see, the central authorities have built since intergovernmental fiscal relations, that about any free and independent housekeeping municipalities to speak and do not have to. Hoped that these inter-governmental relations to change in themselves, there is not any reason.
4. Existing tax legislation.
"Municipalities need at least thirty to forty percent of the proceeds of all taxes paid by the organization, located on their territory - said Vyacheslav Glazychev - and this issue should be the subject of negotiations between municipalities and public authorities."
"The tax system is structured in such a way that no motivation to develop the business on the ground, it does not give the municipal authorities."
Reading the report, Vyacheslav Glazychev, at first glance, it might seem that this problem is a technical nature, because the Tax and Budget Code can be amended, but in reality it is political. Vyacheslav Glazichev without realizing it, dreaming that the municipalities will provide an opportunity to receive a portion of taxes on business enterprises, if it dostuchitsya to the president. Although the whole of his report shows that do not give.
Of course, not give. Not for the center shall be revoked and passing the State Duma by such laws, which would then, suddenly abandoned.
Today, wherever we cast a glance, we come upon the interests of the state bureaucracy and big business, which, if willing something to give the local government, only the crumbs from the master's table. Local government is so driven that the Chairman of the Audit Chamber Sergei Stepashin, is forced, was to send Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov, a formal letter N 01-1058. In it he is quite categorical colors stood up for local governments, driven almost everywhere in the Russian executive branch, despite the actions of the past three years the law N 131 "On general principles of local self-government in the Russian Federation." Centralized state apparatus determines all policies in the state, and administrative and fiscal, and judicial powers, and harbor the illusion that the unorganized municipalities can resist this huge monster with a hand-held parties and parliament, it is just to mislead people.
And in this situation are still leaders, who refer to the State Duma draft laws on self-taxation. According to "Komsomolskaya Pravda", the Duma has received several bills that would impose a new population rents.
Under the current legislation of additional taxes, you can enter only if you have majority approval. And it is made through a referendum or a majority vote at a rural gathering. Offered the same laws, if adopted, will allow regional authorities to impose taxes based only on social surveys of citizens. Well, as we do things with public polls and vote, everyone knows that. All those who do not ask, against the "United Russia", and according to opinion polls, it supports up to half the population.
In this case, fans prisluzhit power, as always overdone, and did not think that such laws could promote self-government, until samootdeleniya. It is impossible for people to understand that they contain a central authority, but not the power it helps. After all, people start to wonder what the policy of the nipple: there all, but from there nothing. If we ourselves are holding, so even solve all local problems, then why the hell did we still pay federal taxes, serve in the army, let the territory of our municipality have a free trade various imported goods, to sell our forests and lands, natural resources , etc. And then the price really the issue for the center will increase many times.
Therefore, the vertical of power and will be removed from the society most of the profits, giving crumbs to the local government and municipalities, without a democratic central government, that is, the people, will never become a bulwark of democracy.
Ivan Tevrizsky 09/03/2006, the
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