Each of the greats who have labored hard and successfully on the field thinking the human mind receives the honorary title of "the classics of philosophy of science." Almost every philosopher leaves the philosophical heritage of mankind for at least two well-known treatise. One - on the theory of knowledge, the second - the doctrine of the State.
Aristotle - it's "Metaphysics" and "Athenian polity", in Cicero's "On the Nature of the Gods" and "Laws," "A Treatise on the improvement of the mind" and "Political Treatise Spinoza," Science of Logic and Philosophy of Right Hegel; "The essence of the human head" and "Digression socialist in the theory of knowledge" Joseph Dietzgen, "State and Revolution" and "Philosophical Notebooks" finally "Dialectics of Nature" and "Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, the successful Anglo-German businessman Friedrich Engels, who in high school reading every Soviet scholar ...
The list of examples if you want you can easily continue.
A fact noted by us, is not accidental. Craft philosophical thinker inevitably requires regarded man as a member of two large "collectives", "resident" of the two worlds. So Cicero called the world - a common home and Homeland gods and men. Therefore, the theory of knowledge a person must be understood as "a member of the Cosmos", and the laws of this science are the laws of logic. In the same political treatises, man is regarded as a member of the team his own kind (one of many "). And the laws of life with like-called social laws.
Do not fall out of this world of tradition and Russian classical philosophy. In her "man logic" and "political man" was understood as a member of the God-manhood. That is, a resident of a harmonious world, which is even higher than the Cosmos, and the language of philosophy is the name of the universe.
Laws of the Universe, the laws of the collaborative creative living God and Man, in the opinion of Russian thinkers, rulers over people's lives. However, this does not mean that the human soul, they descend on their own, without any independent work of the soul. For the kingdom of God-manhood must fight ...
Most striking episode a selfless struggle in the history of Russian philosophy has recently become available to us in connection with the release of the next volume of the series "From the history of domestic philosophical thought." This is a collection of philosophical works of the original Russian thinker Vladimir Franzevich Erna (1882 - 1917).
"The struggle for Logos" - so named V. Ern one of the most interesting of his philosophical books. Russian philosophy, he believed, deeply original. In essence it is, firstly, specifically: secondly, the religious, that is deeply "genius": and finally, thirdly, it personalistichna. In other words, it focuses on human sverhobychnuyu strength of his personal life and Christian feat.
Contrary to conventional wisdom and still living representations of the complete borrowing of philosophical ideas in Russia, the first Russian thinker, he thinks Mr. frying pan (1722 - 1794), whose original philosophical "prayer" we now present: "Our Father who art in heaven. How soon will we nisposhlesh Socrates, who would teach us naipervee knowledge itself, and when we come to know ourselves, then we are of ourselves vyvem science, which will be our, own, natural.
Hallowed be thy name is in the thoughts and intents of thy servant, who devised the mind and wished to become the will of Socrates in Russia. "
Quoting these words, Ern asks his opponents: Is not it clear that if Russia and borrowed, from the hoary antiquity - the ancestral homeland of all cultural humanity. But from the same source draw and Europe! So why is the common "sin of the firstborn" does Western philosophy of self, and Russian - not?
In the period from 1910 to 1915 published by "Musagetes" out the Russian version of the international journal "Logos". The editors of this magazine was a "supranational" way in the development of world philosophy and process at this "base" challenged the originality of Russian philosophical thought. This circumstance has given birth to a passionate protest against Vladimir Ern, which resulted in the already mentioned book "Fighting for the Logos."
Lied to the Russian, and hence of world philosophy, he had seen in so-called rationalism. What is it? In short, rationalism - a stray mind, all the signs of which the author found in the aforementioned magazine.
Rationalism "lost" in the issue of living together of God and Man. In the jargon of philosophy of science, the question of life on earth and the universal vocation of the latter. Indeed, in the universe a man lives, but he lives on earth ...
"Prodigal way" this inferior "reason" for the past four years has created a hierarchy of "philosophical chimeras", enslaved live the idea of humanity. Thus, the humanists of the Renaissance began with the fact that adopted "an abstract human principle" in the culture and life. Philosophy as the XVIII century brought the person to anthropomorphic appendage to understand the world and created the conditions for "rebellion". In the XIX century philosophy of Feuerbach substituted humanity - "chelovekobozhiem. Friedrich Nietzsche adopted the cult of the superman. " A century XX, starting world war in 1914, opened the era of the incredible brutality. "
Here is her typical philosophical signs preserved in our life so far: the cult of self, self-affirming spirit of pride, samoobozhenie and pluralistic appeal: "Let the truth to vote!", Substitute "culture" - "civilization", and creativity - nihilism, finally, dominance of positivism, with its "scientific myth" that has infected their deadening breath as intellectuals and podmyaty it for themselves "socialism" ...
Common understanding of God and man is called "Logos". The victory over the same LOGO positivism is only possible in a desperate struggle for life and death, weapons "steel, relentlessly honed logic" - writing Erne in 1911.
About what the rich discoveries were made for us, young and little pozhivshim thinker (he died April 29, 1917 by Jade) in the fertile soil "logizma" - a special subject. Just to say that in his view World War I in 1914 completely abolished the myth of confrontation between Russia - the West. She revealed the long conflict ironically Europe with itself. Russia, in this case was a natural ally for most of the living and cultural forces of Western humanity.
What exactly this fact is discovered for philosophy of science - in short we have said. But that opened it to world history? Here are the words Erna from his book "The Sword and the Cross:" We must open our eyes, people's minds reconsider all the issues of European culture, make a synthesis of the accumulated contradictions of the world ... That's when "vsechelovechnost" Russian soul, hitherto only a Felt, but not implemented, should be translated into reality, historically, socially, in enormous global scale. "
Open Pushkin, Dostoevsky and Vladimir Solovyov vsechelovechnost Russian soul has his idea and his business. This - the Russian philosopher and statesman of Russia. They live under the laws of "Logos", among them there is no inescapable conflict, because their life is concrete.
What does this mean? - We learn from a small thinker article, written in a dramatic period of the Russian and world history.
V. MOLCHANOV, PhD, member of the Urban Seminar on Russian, German and Greek philosophy "Russian Logos.
"INDEPENDENT ARMENIA
VF Ern
As soon as war broke out with Turkey, idle people address the issue of the future organization of Turkish Armenia. While unhappy over the country, periodically engravings, lit the dawn of a great and complete liberation from centuries of Muslim oppression and ill - some calm and imperturbable "politics" were engaged in the invention of an abstract, far-fetched and highly boilerplate "project" of the future Armenian autonomy.
In this project, all irrational and all antirealno. In the opinion of supporters of the project, the autonomy should be restricted solely to Turkish Armenia. "We, - said some members of the Russian Armenians, - nothing for herself desire. Armenians lived under the shadow of good Russian laws. We are talking only about the area that with God's help will be conquered by Russian weapons. " This statement is of great perplexity. If it is sincere, it is illogical. If it is logical that disingenuous. Russian Armenians living in Russia for good. What, then, can you ask for Turkish Armenians?
Does not the fact that they lived as well as Armenians, Russian? But in that case why autonomy? Then the Turkish Armenia to join the Great of Russia, Armenians and Turkish thereby reunited with the large, more cultured and prosperous part of the Armenian people, which has long been "obzhilas" and I would say, "to stick" with a huge home of the Russian state. Autonomy, which would feature a part of Armenia and distinguishes it from the other - would be in such a case, only an obstacle to unification, and held it to the full and perhaps a closer merging of two disparate and historically disconnected parts of the Armenian people. Therefore, those who cherish the true union of the long-suffering body of the Armenian nation, must desire above all that the Armenians are exempt from the Turkish yoke, came to the same conditions in which live Russian Armenians, that is, would include a part of Russian national unity.
However, there are some, especially the representatives of Armenian intellectuals, they want autonomy, that is, separately, special conditions for Turkish Armenia. What's the matter?
Obviously, under irrationality lurks a dark and secret thoughts. Autonomy is needed not only to Turkish Armenians live well (as a live Russian Armenians), but for something else. In addition to the good life, followers of the "project" wish for the Turkish Armenian some special plus in comparison with Russian Armenia.
In what is the plus? I hardly need to think especially to solve this riddle. Plus, will consist largely self-government, a greater proportion of local freedom, and maybe (who knows?), To a greater degree of independence from the Russian state. In this formulation, the question can start to argue with almost mathematical precision. Part of the Armenian people, which has some positive advantage in comparison with the other part will be ideal for the latter, and the possession of this advantage will become the secret thoughts and desires of those plus this will be deprived.
In other words, Armenia, Russian not to themselves will pull Turkish Armenia, and she will be attracted to her. On the outskirts of the state we create, so with his own hands centrifugal tendencies, which in the case can be used by our many enemies, and then among the loyal and stick with Russia Armenian people, we can conceive a number of unexpected and distressing difficulties.
But apart from the lack of public meaning, in this project is still internal inconsistencies and complete detachment from the concrete reality.
In fact, Turkish Armenia to the adherents of the project, despite the visible and if it was exceptional care of her and only her, is a disguised way, and not objective. Creating a plus, perhaps, should not the Turkish Armenia, but only Russian. After approval plus a Turkish Armenian Russian Armenians may hope in the not too distant future, to seize this advantage for themselves. The apparent selflessness of the authors of the project is actually a very "diplomatic" in the Oriental style. That Turkish Armenia does not need any "autonomy" - in this there can be no doubt. Who more or less familiar with the brutal lawlessness in which they live Turkish Armenians, one can not but agree that moving them to the Russian citizenship for them would be way out of almost hellish state, that is true bliss. According to the newspaper, at this moment the Turks murdered Armenians for the joy that comes through in their faces when the news of the approaching Russian troops. Large, should be, the joy of it, if it can not hide when the danger of being killed for its discovery!
Certainly not these unfortunate need of "autonomy". If they stop to rob, rape and kill in the most literal, physical sense - that is the limit of their desires. "Autonomy" is needed for those who are not satisfied with a comparatively broad rights enjoyed by the Russian Armenians. Armenians have in Russia: the unconditional freedom of religion, the perfect church autonomy, teaching in schools in their native language and full political equality with the native Russian population. Devotees of "autonomy" is not satisfied and that. In this case, they want more rights than those enjoyed by the Russian state itself the Russian population.
In this desire as such there is nothing illegal. Strive towards freedom and perhaps greater self-government is natural and inevitable. But the form of this desire, and put on a partial draft and half of "autonomy" is clearly untenable.
Russian government and Russian people can not afford that one part of the Russian Empire had some advantages and prerogatives as compared with other parts of the population. Striving to such advantage, which lacks the entire population of the empire, is on a plan of his anti-state and the separatist. Public life, if it only develops normally (as we see in the UK), comes from the center to the periphery rather than from the periphery to the center. Growth and development of new forms of government must be the work of Russian and all-Russian, to pass through the native population of Russia to the suburbs, and not vice versa.
Projects of individual autonomy, not based on the general principle of all-Russian legislation, are not steps towards new, more free forms of public life, but only hinder and delay, for a healthy state will inevitably come to grips with the centrifugal aspirations and the struggle, calling in vain and unnecessary blindness, retards the growth of liberty within the state.
In such a responsible and challenging era, like ours, we should not procreate and paper projects and needlessly complicate an already complex picture of the countless and diverse challenges, the rebels from all sides before Russia. In any kind of progress is the movement of two parallel lines. One line outlines the increase in complexity, for life and the needs of its more complex, while the other observes the process of simplification. In the achieved complexity produced a "reduction" and the reduction to a simpler form. One line of complication, with no second line, which simplifies very soon resulted in all of humanity to the present chaos.
We need to strive to move to new, more complex forms of state-building, where it imperiously demands life (Poland, Constantinople, Slavs), and simplify those useless complication, which is not caused by the real needs of life, and abstract "ideology" ("Ukrainophilism" and draft an autonomous Turkish Armenia).
The latter project is particularly characteristic of its apparent artificiality and neorganichnostyu.
Turkish Armenians should get what they have Russian Armenians. All the same reunited Armenia can further grow and develop politically only in the rhythm and harmony with the general growth of Russian statehood. And, of course, the Armenian people about anything else does not dream.
Prepared by silence.
Science of Ural, № 17 (567) July 1992
Aristotle - it's "Metaphysics" and "Athenian polity", in Cicero's "On the Nature of the Gods" and "Laws," "A Treatise on the improvement of the mind" and "Political Treatise Spinoza," Science of Logic and Philosophy of Right Hegel; "The essence of the human head" and "Digression socialist in the theory of knowledge" Joseph Dietzgen, "State and Revolution" and "Philosophical Notebooks" finally "Dialectics of Nature" and "Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, the successful Anglo-German businessman Friedrich Engels, who in high school reading every Soviet scholar ...
The list of examples if you want you can easily continue.
A fact noted by us, is not accidental. Craft philosophical thinker inevitably requires regarded man as a member of two large "collectives", "resident" of the two worlds. So Cicero called the world - a common home and Homeland gods and men. Therefore, the theory of knowledge a person must be understood as "a member of the Cosmos", and the laws of this science are the laws of logic. In the same political treatises, man is regarded as a member of the team his own kind (one of many "). And the laws of life with like-called social laws.
Do not fall out of this world of tradition and Russian classical philosophy. In her "man logic" and "political man" was understood as a member of the God-manhood. That is, a resident of a harmonious world, which is even higher than the Cosmos, and the language of philosophy is the name of the universe.
Laws of the Universe, the laws of the collaborative creative living God and Man, in the opinion of Russian thinkers, rulers over people's lives. However, this does not mean that the human soul, they descend on their own, without any independent work of the soul. For the kingdom of God-manhood must fight ...
Most striking episode a selfless struggle in the history of Russian philosophy has recently become available to us in connection with the release of the next volume of the series "From the history of domestic philosophical thought." This is a collection of philosophical works of the original Russian thinker Vladimir Franzevich Erna (1882 - 1917).
"The struggle for Logos" - so named V. Ern one of the most interesting of his philosophical books. Russian philosophy, he believed, deeply original. In essence it is, firstly, specifically: secondly, the religious, that is deeply "genius": and finally, thirdly, it personalistichna. In other words, it focuses on human sverhobychnuyu strength of his personal life and Christian feat.
Contrary to conventional wisdom and still living representations of the complete borrowing of philosophical ideas in Russia, the first Russian thinker, he thinks Mr. frying pan (1722 - 1794), whose original philosophical "prayer" we now present: "Our Father who art in heaven. How soon will we nisposhlesh Socrates, who would teach us naipervee knowledge itself, and when we come to know ourselves, then we are of ourselves vyvem science, which will be our, own, natural.
Hallowed be thy name is in the thoughts and intents of thy servant, who devised the mind and wished to become the will of Socrates in Russia. "
Quoting these words, Ern asks his opponents: Is not it clear that if Russia and borrowed, from the hoary antiquity - the ancestral homeland of all cultural humanity. But from the same source draw and Europe! So why is the common "sin of the firstborn" does Western philosophy of self, and Russian - not?
In the period from 1910 to 1915 published by "Musagetes" out the Russian version of the international journal "Logos". The editors of this magazine was a "supranational" way in the development of world philosophy and process at this "base" challenged the originality of Russian philosophical thought. This circumstance has given birth to a passionate protest against Vladimir Ern, which resulted in the already mentioned book "Fighting for the Logos."
Lied to the Russian, and hence of world philosophy, he had seen in so-called rationalism. What is it? In short, rationalism - a stray mind, all the signs of which the author found in the aforementioned magazine.
Rationalism "lost" in the issue of living together of God and Man. In the jargon of philosophy of science, the question of life on earth and the universal vocation of the latter. Indeed, in the universe a man lives, but he lives on earth ...
"Prodigal way" this inferior "reason" for the past four years has created a hierarchy of "philosophical chimeras", enslaved live the idea of humanity. Thus, the humanists of the Renaissance began with the fact that adopted "an abstract human principle" in the culture and life. Philosophy as the XVIII century brought the person to anthropomorphic appendage to understand the world and created the conditions for "rebellion". In the XIX century philosophy of Feuerbach substituted humanity - "chelovekobozhiem. Friedrich Nietzsche adopted the cult of the superman. " A century XX, starting world war in 1914, opened the era of the incredible brutality. "
Here is her typical philosophical signs preserved in our life so far: the cult of self, self-affirming spirit of pride, samoobozhenie and pluralistic appeal: "Let the truth to vote!", Substitute "culture" - "civilization", and creativity - nihilism, finally, dominance of positivism, with its "scientific myth" that has infected their deadening breath as intellectuals and podmyaty it for themselves "socialism" ...
Common understanding of God and man is called "Logos". The victory over the same LOGO positivism is only possible in a desperate struggle for life and death, weapons "steel, relentlessly honed logic" - writing Erne in 1911.
About what the rich discoveries were made for us, young and little pozhivshim thinker (he died April 29, 1917 by Jade) in the fertile soil "logizma" - a special subject. Just to say that in his view World War I in 1914 completely abolished the myth of confrontation between Russia - the West. She revealed the long conflict ironically Europe with itself. Russia, in this case was a natural ally for most of the living and cultural forces of Western humanity.
What exactly this fact is discovered for philosophy of science - in short we have said. But that opened it to world history? Here are the words Erna from his book "The Sword and the Cross:" We must open our eyes, people's minds reconsider all the issues of European culture, make a synthesis of the accumulated contradictions of the world ... That's when "vsechelovechnost" Russian soul, hitherto only a Felt, but not implemented, should be translated into reality, historically, socially, in enormous global scale. "
Open Pushkin, Dostoevsky and Vladimir Solovyov vsechelovechnost Russian soul has his idea and his business. This - the Russian philosopher and statesman of Russia. They live under the laws of "Logos", among them there is no inescapable conflict, because their life is concrete.
What does this mean? - We learn from a small thinker article, written in a dramatic period of the Russian and world history.
V. MOLCHANOV, PhD, member of the Urban Seminar on Russian, German and Greek philosophy "Russian Logos.
"INDEPENDENT ARMENIA
VF Ern
As soon as war broke out with Turkey, idle people address the issue of the future organization of Turkish Armenia. While unhappy over the country, periodically engravings, lit the dawn of a great and complete liberation from centuries of Muslim oppression and ill - some calm and imperturbable "politics" were engaged in the invention of an abstract, far-fetched and highly boilerplate "project" of the future Armenian autonomy.
In this project, all irrational and all antirealno. In the opinion of supporters of the project, the autonomy should be restricted solely to Turkish Armenia. "We, - said some members of the Russian Armenians, - nothing for herself desire. Armenians lived under the shadow of good Russian laws. We are talking only about the area that with God's help will be conquered by Russian weapons. " This statement is of great perplexity. If it is sincere, it is illogical. If it is logical that disingenuous. Russian Armenians living in Russia for good. What, then, can you ask for Turkish Armenians?
Does not the fact that they lived as well as Armenians, Russian? But in that case why autonomy? Then the Turkish Armenia to join the Great of Russia, Armenians and Turkish thereby reunited with the large, more cultured and prosperous part of the Armenian people, which has long been "obzhilas" and I would say, "to stick" with a huge home of the Russian state. Autonomy, which would feature a part of Armenia and distinguishes it from the other - would be in such a case, only an obstacle to unification, and held it to the full and perhaps a closer merging of two disparate and historically disconnected parts of the Armenian people. Therefore, those who cherish the true union of the long-suffering body of the Armenian nation, must desire above all that the Armenians are exempt from the Turkish yoke, came to the same conditions in which live Russian Armenians, that is, would include a part of Russian national unity.
However, there are some, especially the representatives of Armenian intellectuals, they want autonomy, that is, separately, special conditions for Turkish Armenia. What's the matter?
Obviously, under irrationality lurks a dark and secret thoughts. Autonomy is needed not only to Turkish Armenians live well (as a live Russian Armenians), but for something else. In addition to the good life, followers of the "project" wish for the Turkish Armenian some special plus in comparison with Russian Armenia.
In what is the plus? I hardly need to think especially to solve this riddle. Plus, will consist largely self-government, a greater proportion of local freedom, and maybe (who knows?), To a greater degree of independence from the Russian state. In this formulation, the question can start to argue with almost mathematical precision. Part of the Armenian people, which has some positive advantage in comparison with the other part will be ideal for the latter, and the possession of this advantage will become the secret thoughts and desires of those plus this will be deprived.
In other words, Armenia, Russian not to themselves will pull Turkish Armenia, and she will be attracted to her. On the outskirts of the state we create, so with his own hands centrifugal tendencies, which in the case can be used by our many enemies, and then among the loyal and stick with Russia Armenian people, we can conceive a number of unexpected and distressing difficulties.
But apart from the lack of public meaning, in this project is still internal inconsistencies and complete detachment from the concrete reality.
In fact, Turkish Armenia to the adherents of the project, despite the visible and if it was exceptional care of her and only her, is a disguised way, and not objective. Creating a plus, perhaps, should not the Turkish Armenia, but only Russian. After approval plus a Turkish Armenian Russian Armenians may hope in the not too distant future, to seize this advantage for themselves. The apparent selflessness of the authors of the project is actually a very "diplomatic" in the Oriental style. That Turkish Armenia does not need any "autonomy" - in this there can be no doubt. Who more or less familiar with the brutal lawlessness in which they live Turkish Armenians, one can not but agree that moving them to the Russian citizenship for them would be way out of almost hellish state, that is true bliss. According to the newspaper, at this moment the Turks murdered Armenians for the joy that comes through in their faces when the news of the approaching Russian troops. Large, should be, the joy of it, if it can not hide when the danger of being killed for its discovery!
Certainly not these unfortunate need of "autonomy". If they stop to rob, rape and kill in the most literal, physical sense - that is the limit of their desires. "Autonomy" is needed for those who are not satisfied with a comparatively broad rights enjoyed by the Russian Armenians. Armenians have in Russia: the unconditional freedom of religion, the perfect church autonomy, teaching in schools in their native language and full political equality with the native Russian population. Devotees of "autonomy" is not satisfied and that. In this case, they want more rights than those enjoyed by the Russian state itself the Russian population.
In this desire as such there is nothing illegal. Strive towards freedom and perhaps greater self-government is natural and inevitable. But the form of this desire, and put on a partial draft and half of "autonomy" is clearly untenable.
Russian government and Russian people can not afford that one part of the Russian Empire had some advantages and prerogatives as compared with other parts of the population. Striving to such advantage, which lacks the entire population of the empire, is on a plan of his anti-state and the separatist. Public life, if it only develops normally (as we see in the UK), comes from the center to the periphery rather than from the periphery to the center. Growth and development of new forms of government must be the work of Russian and all-Russian, to pass through the native population of Russia to the suburbs, and not vice versa.
Projects of individual autonomy, not based on the general principle of all-Russian legislation, are not steps towards new, more free forms of public life, but only hinder and delay, for a healthy state will inevitably come to grips with the centrifugal aspirations and the struggle, calling in vain and unnecessary blindness, retards the growth of liberty within the state.
In such a responsible and challenging era, like ours, we should not procreate and paper projects and needlessly complicate an already complex picture of the countless and diverse challenges, the rebels from all sides before Russia. In any kind of progress is the movement of two parallel lines. One line outlines the increase in complexity, for life and the needs of its more complex, while the other observes the process of simplification. In the achieved complexity produced a "reduction" and the reduction to a simpler form. One line of complication, with no second line, which simplifies very soon resulted in
The latter project is particularly characteristic of its apparent artificiality and neorganichnostyu.
Turkish Armenians should get what they have Russian Armenians. All the same reunited Armenia can further grow and develop politically only in the rhythm and harmony with the general growth of Russian statehood. And, of course, the Armenian people about anything else does not dream.
Prepared by silence.
Science of Ural, № 17 (567) July 1992
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий