Philosophy: political

  The philosopher SNBulgakov is very capacious image of socialism. He compared socialism - the temptation of Christ in the desert. With the temptation, rejected the Son of God with the words: not by bread alone shall live person, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God. Capacity and meaningful way linked to the deepest contradictions encoded in it. In fact, on the one hand, socialism, according to Bulgakov - is a lie of Satan tempt Christ, who was trying to put the divine power to serve a temporary purpose dark, mortal existence. Kingdoms of this world. On the other hand, the choice between the two kingdoms - God and a human - permeates the very soul of socialism. Such an approach - a reflection of personal spiritual evolution of the Bulgakov. Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov was born 16 / 28 / July 1871 in Livny Orel. In life he had to be a Marxist, and to abandon Marxism, religious faith to lose and regain it. From Marxism to idealism - so he determined the evolution of his spiritual path. Bulgakov had lost their religious faith at the age of 14 to 30 years. In 1898 until 1900, he undertook a research trip to Germany. Even before departure, in 1896, published his first book on markets in capitalist production ", written mostly from a Marxist position. By his own admission of the philosopher, about 1901 - 1902 years in him "all the poorer began to sound the voice of religious belief." In early 1905, he first came to church for confession. In March, at his initiative, was founded in Moscow Religious-Philosophical Society in Memory of Vladimir Soloviev. In 1907, Bulgakov was elected to the II State Duma. "It became obvious - he wrote - that the revolution is destroying and destroy Russia. But not less than it was clear to me then that it is no less true ruin and suicide on the throne, the first figure of revolution, Nicholas II. » June 11, 1918 in Moscow, the Danilov Monastery philosopher, was ordained a priest. The famous expulsion of the Russian intelligentsia in 1922, and touched him. December 30, 1922 he departed for Constantinople, in March 1923 - in Prague, and here in 1925 - in Paris. Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov died in the night from 5 to 6 May 1944 from a brain haemorrhage and was buried at the Russian cemetery in Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois, near Paris. Bulgakov is one of those people whose personal vicissitudes of fate serves as a tool in-depth knowledge of the world. To understand the essence and nature of socialism is characterized not petty, but a big, landmark approach. Sign of the modern era could be seen in his domination of the spirit world middle class, equally hostile to both Christianity and socialism. Capitalism - Bulgakov said, - it is the organized selfishness. And therefore we must "without hesitation, say that socialism is right in his critique of capitalism and in this sense must be directly and strongly acknowledge the truth of socialism. If he sins, then, of course, not that he denies capitalism, and the fact that he denies his radical enough, the very spiritual and yet staying in capitalism. " Dialectics of the era is that it is the spirit of the world middle class, organized by the selfishness and pushed their heads together in a tragic conflict of socialism and Christianity in the XX century. The dialectic of this Bulgakov summarized as follows: "We need to hear the" prophecy "and socialism ... But it is in an era when pale and temporarily blunted in Christianity, these misgivings, in socialism, they have a certain vitality. Socialist apocalypse for many has become obscure the Christian, precisely because weak hearts this last. " Philosophical, personal and Christian sophistication Bulgakov on the question of the nature of socialism is clearly visible in the document that we offer the reader.
 SN Bulgakov
 P R A B O S L A V I E & C O C I A L & W M The Soviet edition Antireligioznik "(№ 7, July 1929) contains an article by B. Kandidova" Days of Penitence "in the Crimea in September 1920. (Historical note on unpublished material). These "unpublished" represent nothing more than the minutes of the meeting of the Supreme Church Authority in the south of Russia, left behind during the evacuation of Sevastopol. On this occasion I think it necessary to make a clarification on one issue because of its principled and practical importance. In the last minutes of the meeting of the Supreme Church Authority in the south of Russia presented a resolution which read: "Request lyrics. Supreme Ecclesiastical Authority prof. Fr. Bulgakov draft a doctrinal definition of the nature of socialism and to provide such a draft for approval to the next meeting of the Supreme Ecclesiastical Authority. " This meeting was not held for the evacuation, and the project, I have compiled, and remained pending. Nevertheless, some preliminary discussion of this issue was. External cause for his production was a persistent request by Fr. Vostokova, harass ecclesiastical condemnation ("anafematstvovaniya") of socialism as such. In his preliminary report, the Supreme Ecclesiastical Authority I made that for such a condemnation of socialism in general as well-known system of economic and social policies, there is no basis either in the Gospels, nor in the orthodox tradition. And even on the contrary, here we find the commandment of love and social justice, care for the workers and are heavy laden, what with all ask for the Last Judgement of Christ. In socialism, the same shall be subject to denial and did not overcome the system of socio-economic ideas, but the militant atheism, which he often combined, but especially now in Russia. And maybe share of the blame in this lies with the Church community, with its indifference to the social question. In the ensuing exchange of views vyrazhaemy were different views on socialism, and to me wholly joined the presiding arch. Dmitry. The draft determination was made by me in accordance with the original concept, or I, of course, could not fulfill this request. Socialism (in the whole ambiguity of the term) for the Christian only has practical value, in other words, this is not a question of life, but only practical ethics - practicality. The purpose of socialism, understood as the implementation of social justice, protect the weak, the fight against poverty. unemployment, exploitation - to the extent of moral self-evident that the disagreement can be just about the feasibility or feasibility of certain activities. The church should not bind themselves to capitalism, as the organization of the class of operation (although in practice the beginning of economic freedom and fair property, and still may yet prove more useful for the society as a whole, rather than replacing them prematurely and forcibly forms of state-socialist bondage). If we turn to the Gospel and the New Testament, and there we find, of course, reasons to associate the church with any fixed forms of social organization or a business organization. The church stands above all the historical forms and judging their highest court of conscience. If we turn to the patristic literature, the writings of St.. Fathers Basil the Great, John Chrysostom, Ambrose of Milan and others, we find striking examples of spiritual freedom, and Christian boldness in the judgments of the various manifestations of social self-interest of owners. Therefore, in the "tradition" is not the fulcrum for establishing the inviolability of private property on the basis of Christian morality. History suggests that the institution of private property actually drastically changed over the centuries, undergoing various forms of social control and restrictions. A, respectively, and the concept of socialism embraces him all the variety of forms: from Soviet communism - to the social regulation of capitalist industry, as it was told by one British politician has the XIX century ... but the dictates of conscience must come from the church, and if people keep silent, then the stones will cry out. If the Church does not enjoy belonging to her right, which is together and the duty, then it usurped her enemies: - the other comes in my name, and his take (John 5.43). Of course, the enemies of Christ's name will always want to see in the church only an instrument of class domination. But the church must be in full possession of his royal freedom and truth, in particular, and social. Currently, the call to the social truth is heard throughout the Christian world. The Stockholm Conference of Social Christianity has united representatives of all Christian denominations (except Catholic) and Orthodox delegation was led by her elderly patriarch Photius of Alexandria. By participating in the "Stockholm", which was created and a permanent international organization for the development of questions of social Christianity, the Orthodox Church to define its attitude to social issues. It is true that hitherto have not been given a "doctrinal definition of" the nature of socialism, nor in the Russian church, nor in universal Orthodoxy. But, according to the above, socialism as a socio-economic doctrine, not at all a matter of faith. Turn it into such would be damaging and self-Christian doctrine. How it connects with theomachy, judgments and condemnation should apply only to the latter. However, this connection is the actual, historical, but not inside. Considered as the link is intrinsically dangerous mistake and shortsighted because it would give the matter of Christian truth into the hands of its enemies. Therefore, the church "anafematstvovanie" of socialism and its transformation into a "bogey" not only has to have no grounds, but would constitute a true religious temptation.
B. SILENT PhD. During Soviet rule, the newspaper of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Council of People's Deputies, № 40 (61), April 16, 1991